![]() ![]() A questionnaire was administered to this population in order to collect the data. ![]() The target population was all individuals present in three hospitals from Tabriz (including patients, companions and treatment staff), and the sample size was 1145. The present study aimed to survey and collect data on the likely behaviours of people under emergency circumstances in hospitals in order to improve emergency response plans in these places. Hospitals, which play an important role in reducing injuries and casualties, must be prepared for a crowd of people in emergencies. Our experimental results, combined with theoretical models, suggest that some features of the collective behavior of humans and ants can be quite similar when escaping under panic. In addition, we are able to reproduce the observed escape dynamics in detail using a modification of a previous theoretical model that includes herding associated with a panic parameter as a central ingredient. We show that ants confined to a cell with two symmetrically located exits use both exits in approximately equal proportions to abandon it in normal conditions but prefer one of the exits if panic is created by adding a repellent fluid. Here we demonstrate the existence of that phenomenon in experiments, using ants as a model of pedestrians. It has been predicted theoretically that panic-induced herding in individuals confined to a room can produce a nonsymmetrical use of two identical exit doors. The phenomenon of herding is a very general feature of the collective behavior of many species in panic conditions, including humans. ![]()
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